Geospatial Applications of Cave Resource Data to Better Understand Epikarst and Unsaturated Zone Groundwater Flow Path Development

The unsaturated zone is a critical component of karstic groundwater systems and shown to provide substantial storage capacities. Understanding the spatial patterns controls on flow path activation often challenge. Previous research focused remotely sensed data or inferential analyses quantify these patterns. Here, we use two cave systems—one in Arizona, USA second Kentucky, USA—to show value survey inventory direct observation speleogenesis processes. Using geospatial statistical analyses, that passage size varies with distance from some faults, indicating faults play major role transporting fluid into limestone creating increased permeability form passages. Additionally, close relationship between water, calcite resources geology clear evidence for paths through systems. While both represent large area greatly permeability, only isolated sections caves this active flow. In cases, modern vadose occurs proximal contacts overlying insoluble lithology. These results suggest an expanded may greater insight